What is the function of Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs)?

Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs) are specifically designed to transmit distress signals in the event of an aircraft accident or emergency. When activated, typically upon impact, they send out a distress signal on designated emergency frequencies, which can be picked up by search and rescue (SAR) teams, nearby aircraft, or satellites. This function is crucial for facilitating quick responses to accidents, aiding rescuers in locating individuals in distress, and enhancing the chances of survival.

In contrast, the other functions mentioned do not align with the primary purpose of ELTs. In-flight navigation assistance relates to systems like GPS or navigation radios, while detecting weather anomalies is the role of weather radars and meteorological tools. Tracking flight paths is typically associated with flight monitoring systems rather than emergency distress signaling. Thus, the primary role of ELTs as distress signal transmitters stands out clearly as the correct answer.